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  • Question 188 - Catholics for Israel's Ariel Ben Ami (2)

    Question 188 - Catholics for Israel's Ariel Ben Ami (2)

    Mr. Sungenis,

    To be honest, we are not interested in entering into a polemical debate with you.  Several members of Catholics for Israel have read your critique and all agree that it is written in a bad spirit.  You may claim to not be anti-Semitic on a racial level, but few can doubt that you hold strong anti-Jewish views. 

    R. Sungenis: If you believe so, then be man enough to show the evidence, instead of engaging in personal attacks and general accusations. Otherwise, you are doing the same thing of which you accuse me.

    Ami: Apparently you have decided that you are a champion of Catholic orthodoxy, over your bishop,

    R. Sungenis: My bishop is teaching a heresy, as is his vicar general. I have proved that by their own written words. Canon Law 212, 2-3 says it is my “duty” to make this known to him and “all the Christian faithful.”

    Ami: over most Catholic apologists who are all ‘sadly misinformed’,

    R. Sungenis: Yes, since many of them are teaching the same heresy about the validity of the Old Covenant as you do.

    Ami: over Cardinal Schoenborn, the editor of the Catechism, who has publicly declared that he believes that the return of the Jews to Israel is a fulfillment of prophecy.

    R. Sungenis: Cardinal Schönborn can have any opinion he likes. That doesn’t make him right. St. Augustine and all the other Fathers didn’t believe that Jews returning to Israel is a fulfillment of prophecy. Does that make all of them wrong and the Cardinal correct? When you can show from Scripture, Tradition and the Magisterium that your view is the correct one, then you have something. Until then, you are only engaging in the same misguided beliefs here as you do on your website about the Jews and Israel.

    Ami:  Not to mention the general sympathy of pope John Paul II and of Benedict XVI regarding the return of the Jewish people to Israel.

    R. Sungenis: “Sympathy”? Yes, we all have sympathy for the Jews to have a portion of land in Israel that was mandated to them by the United Nations.  But since 1948, Israel has taken land that was not given to them by the UN, and has refused to give it back. Read resolutions 221 and 338 of the charter on Israel. The Jews keep this land because they think they are still God’s chosen people and are entitled to the land because of their heritage. Wrong. The Jews are no longer the chosen people and they are no longer entitled to land, except what the nations give to them.

    Ami: Since we are but “ideologues” who need to return to catechism class to learn our Catholic faith, I doubt any dialogue with you might be fruitful since only you, apparently, have preserved the true Catholic faith in all its purity.

    R. Sungenis: Sure, I understand, Mr. Ami. That is what people like you normally retort when your theology is exposed for the errors it contains – you blame it on your critic for bringing it to light instead of learning from it and correcting your view.

    Ami: For sure, the subject of Zionism and of the place of Judaism within the divine plan of salvation is a topic that is legitimately debatable and we understand that.  We do not wish to engage in innuendos or personal attacks, but frankly it is hard to not perceive pride and arrogance in your statements that Robert Sungenis is the standard of orthodoxy that all should follow.

    R. Sungenis: Then stop being hypocritical. Don’t say you want to debate Zionism and then turn around and make a derogatory remark that I am the “standard of orthodoxy that all should follow.” As for what the “standard of orthodoxy” is, the USCCB and its approval by the Vatican, has already made that clear, have they not? They took out the sentence from the US catechism that said the Mosaic covenant was still valid for the Jews, and it was I who started that campaign two years ago. So I suggest that you stop rallying around popular sentiments, Mr. Ami, and start doing your homework. I laid out some very significant challenges to you and you simply refuse to address them. Instead you want to play schoolyard games of name-calling. Unfortunately for you, if that is the depth of your theological prowess, your doctrines will fall with you. If you’re going to preach, you better be able to back it up with facts instead of accusations of “anti-semitism” or “anti-Jewish” if someone doesn’t agree with you. That tactic simply doesn’t work any more.

    Ami: After some 10 years of experience living in Israel and countless conversations with Jews of all sorts, I have come to the firm conviction that the kind of supersessionism and lack of respect towards Judaism that you hold is one of the greatest obstacles keeping Jews out of the Church.

    R. Sungenis: “Lack of respect toward Judaism”? Is that the basis of your complaint? First of all, Mr. Ami, I “respect” Judaism like I respect every other worldly religion. They have bits of truth but most of it is false. I am here to alert them to the falsity of these religions so that they can come to the Light and save their soul, because only the Devil would want to keep them in these false religions. Judaism is a religion that denies the deity of Jesus Christ as its cardinal doctrine. How much “respect” do you want me to have for a religion like that? The only respect I can give it is what Jesus gave it in the Gospel of John. I suggest you read chapters 5-9 to find out what that is. As for “the kind of supersessionism” I hold to, let me enlighten you, Mr. Ami, there is only ONE kind of supersessionism – the kind the Catholic Church has taught for 2000 years. And I can tell you that it did not, and does not, teach your KIND of supersessionism. If you believe I am wrong, then show me from either Scripture, Tradition or the Magisterium.

    Ami: And by the way, we have informed the Holy Father of our apostolate and I have personally met the apostolic nuncio here in Israel, Msgr. Antonio Franco, who was quite encouraging and did not have a single negative word to say about our work.

    R. Sungenis: I don’t have a “single negative word to say about your work” either, Mr. Ami. My critique of your work was not “negative.” It was meant to be positive, so that you would see the correct doctrine. But if you think that being positive about your work means only that one has to agree with your brand of supersessionism and view of Judaism and Israel, then you are sadly mistaken. The Catholic Church has simply not taught your theology anywhere in its history. Learn from it, Mr. Ami. You are being deceived by some very influential people.

    Best regards in Christ.

  • Question 187 – Catholics for Israel's Ariel Ben Ami

    Question 187 – Catholics for Israel's Ariel Ben Ami

    Ariel Ben Ami: Mr. Sungenis has even come into conflict with his own bishop regarding his position against the Jews.

    R. Sungenis: “Conflict” with a bishop is common in Catholic history, because not all bishops protect and defend the Catholic faith. That’s why the US bishops, in a vote of 231 to 14, voted to change the bishop’s catechism of 2006 that had a heresy in it about the Mosaic covenant. My bishop, unfortunately, like you, believes and promotes the heresy that the Old Covenant is somehow still valid for the Jewish people. I suggest you find out the real story of Bishop Rhoades and his vicar general Father William King from our website article on the issue before you start making slanderous innuendos about me. (http://www.catholicintl.com/qa/Ask_Your_Question_about_the_Jews.pdf)

    Ariel Ben Ami: Strange that of all people who would choose to critique our apostolate, it turns out that he is the first.

    R. Sungenis: Unfortunately, yes, I’m the first. That just tells you how sadly misinformed most Catholic apologists are to the dangerous heresies that are attacking the Catholic Church under the guise of Jewish ecumenism. What’s “strange,” Mr. Ami, is that you would support these heresies. As long as you do, you will have me to contend with.

    Ariel Ben Ami: He obviously has some kind of a negative fixation on the Jews.

    R. Sungenis: This is the typical comment from ideologues such as yourself who think that criticism of false Jewish beliefs (like your belief in a “limited Zionism”) is merely because I have a “negative fixation” on Jews. I assure you, the only “fixation” I have is on Jesus Christ and protecting his Catholic Church from heresies, such as the ones you are promoting on your website. I suggest you learn the Catholic faith first before you start preaching to the rest of us how the Jews or Jewish converts fit into the Catholic Church.

    Ariel Ben Ami: It’s too bad he doesn’t choose to spend his energy in a more constructive way for the Church.

    R. Sungenis: So my condemnation about your heretical views about the Old Covenant and Zionism is not constructive? It is the most constructive thing I can do for the Church, since no one else seems to have the courage to do so. As for other “constructive” things I do, Mr. Ami, I’ve spent the last 17 years promoting the Catholic Church with books, articles and lectures. Jewish heresies and our denouncement of them are only a percentage of our work.

    Ariel Ben Ami: And by the way we also oppose Judaizing (which means trying to Judaize gentiles) just as we oppose the equally wrong idea of de-judaizing the Jews, which is one of the greatest obstacles that Christians have traditionally put in their way to encountering Christ (and which Mr. Sungenis sadly continues).  I would be interested in knowing how many Jews were warmed up to receive the Gospel through his work.

    R. Sungenis: Jews that want the truth have been “warmed up” tremendously. They write to me and tell me every week. It’s Jews like you who want to hold on to Jewish racial and spiritual distinctions who don’t like what I have to say, and they use the same childish accusations that you do, instead of arguing about the facts with me. I suggest you take a good look at the critique I gave of your website and answer them one-by-one instead of engaging in name-calling and slander.

    Ariel Ben Ami: You may or may not know that Robert Sungenis is well know for holding anti-semitic attitudes,

    R. Sungenis: I don’t have any anti-semitic attitudes. You have anti-Robert Sungenis attitudes simply because I try to correct your false beliefs about the Jews.

    Ariel Ben Ami: and barely has any credibility left regarding this subject.

    R. Sungenis: Is that why the Vatican and the USCCB listened to my critique of the United States Catholic Catechism for Adults which had claimed that the Mosaic covenant was still valid for the Jews? I was the only Catholic in the world to alarm the Vatican and the US bishops to this error, and they listened.  

    Ariel Ben Ami: However, we are reading the document with interest and considering whether it is worthy of a response.

    With blessings in Christ, Ariel Ben Ami, Catholics for Israel (www.israelcatholic.com), Jerusalem

     R. Sungenis: I encourage you to do so, Mr. Ami. It would be much better than the name-calling and innuendo that you engaged in here.

  • Question 186 - Shea blog claims USCCB catechism changes nothing

    Question 186 - Shea blog claims USCCB catechism changes nothing

     

    Robert,

     

    On Mark Shea's blog it is being touted that the USCCB catechism's deletion of the sentence saying that the Mosaic covenant is valid for the Jews "changes nothing" because, being only a US catechism, it has no authority. They also say that the 1994 Catechism of the Catholic Church is the true authority and that it says the Old Covenant is not revoked. How do you respond to this?

     

    T. Ryan

     

    R. Sungenis: First and foremost, it shows that Shea and his groupies are trying desperately to have the Mosaic covenant perpetuated for the Jews, and thus it shows that they are all in heresy, with Shea as their ring leader.

     

    Second, two weeks ago the Vatican gave the USCCB change to the US catechism the "recognitio," which means that the Vatican has recognized and has no objections to the deletion from the US catechism the sentence about the Mosaic covenant being eternally valid. So the obvious question is, why would the Vatican approve the USCCB knowing that the CCC says the Old Covenant is not revoked? That, of course, would be a contradiction if the Old Covenant in the CCC referred to the Mosaic covenant.

     

    Third, and obviously then, when the 1994 CCC says the Old Covenant is not revoked, it is not referring to the Mosaic covenant. You won't find the words "Mosaic covenant within 300 pages of the statement on p. 34, para 121. What you will find is the phrase "Old Testament." In other words, the 1994 Catechism is juxtaposing the word "Covenant" and "Testament," not promoting the idea that the Mosaic covenant is still valid for the Jews. The 1994 Catechism is saying nothing more than that the Old Testament is still valid for Christians to use in their daily life, not valid for the Jews as a legal covenant between them and God. If the 1994 Catechism did not issue this warning, then we would be Marcionites, people who rejected the Old Testament altogether and see it as having not even practical value.

     

    Here are the surrounding paragraphs in the CCC. Note how many times the Old Testament is the referent for the Old Covenant.

     

    The Old Testament

    121 The Old Testament is an indispensable part of Sacred Scripture. Its books are divinely inspired and retain a permanent value, for the Old Covenant has never been revoked.

    122 Indeed, “the economy of the Old Testament was deliberately SO oriented that it should prepare for and declare in prophecy the coming of Christ, redeemer of all men.” “Even though they contain matters imperfect and provisional, the books of the Old Testament bear witness to the whole divine pedagogy of God's saving love: these writings “are a storehouse of sublime teaching on God and of sound wisdom on human life, as well as a wonderful treasury of prayers; in them, too, the mystery of our salvation is present in a hidden way.”

    123 Christians venerate the Old Testament as true Word of God. the Church has always vigorously opposed the idea of rejecting the Old Testament under the pretext that the New has rendered it void (Marcionism).

    We should also note that the Mosaic covenant isn't mentioned by the 1994 Catechism until page 301 at paragraph 1164, and there it distinguishes the Mosaic law from New Testament feasts.

    1164 From the time of the Mosaic law, the People of God have observed fixed feasts, beginning with Passover, to commemorate the astonishing actions of the Savior God, to give him thanks for them, to perpetuate their remembrance, and to teach new generations to conform their conduct to them. In the age of the Church, between the Passover of Christ already accomplished once for all, and its consummation in the kingdom of God, the liturgy celebrated on fixed days bears the imprint of the newness of the mystery of Christ.

    The only other times the 1994 CCC mentions the Old Covenant are those in which it is distinguished from the New Covenant, and once again, the Old Covenant is juxtaposed with the Old Testament, showing that the 1994 CCC regards the Old Covenant as a reference to the Old Testament, not to the Mosaic covenant; and no mention is ever made of the Mosaic covenant remaining valid for the Jewish people:

    128 The Church, as early as apostolic times, and then constantly in her Tradition, has illuminated the unity of the divine plan in the two Testaments through typology, which discerns in God's works of the Old Covenant prefigurations of what he accomplished in the fullness of time in the person of his incarnate Son.

    129 Christians therefore read the Old Testament in the light of Christ crucified and risen. Such typological reading discloses the inexhaustible content of the Old Testament; but it must not make us forget that the Old Testament retains its own intrinsic value as Revelation reaffirmed by our Lord himself. Besides, the New Testament has to be read in the light of the Old. Early Christian catechesis made constant use of the Old Testament. As an old saying put it, the New Testament lies hidden in the Old and the Old Testament is unveiled in the New.

    200 These are the words with which the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed begins. the confession of God's oneness, which has its roots in the divine revelation of the Old Covenant, is inseparable from the profession of God's existence and is equally fundamental. God is unique; there is only one God: “The Christian faith confesses that God is one in nature, substance and essence.”

    1093 In the sacramental economy the Holy Spirit fulfills what was prefigured in the Old Covenant. Since Christ's Church was “prepared in marvelous fashion in the history of the people of Israel and in the Old Covenant,” the Church's liturgy has retained certain elements of the worship of the Old Covenant as integral and irreplaceable, adopting them as her own: -notably, reading the Old Testament; -praying the Psalms; -above all, recalling the saving events and significant realities which have found their fulfillment in the mystery of Christ (promise and covenant, Exodus and Passover, kingdom and temple, exile and return).

    1145 A sacramental celebration is woven from signs and symbols. In keeping with the divine pedagogy of salvation, their meaning is rooted in the work of creation and in human culture, specified by the events of the Old Covenant and fully revealed in the person and work of Christ.

    1150 Signs of the covenant. The Chosen People received from God distinctive signs and symbols that marked its liturgical life. These are no longer solely celebrations of cosmic cycles and social gestures, but signs of the covenant, symbols of God's mighty deeds for his people. Among these liturgical signs from the Old Covenant are circumcision, anointing and consecration of kings and priests, laying on of hands, sacrifices, and above all the Passover. The Church sees in these signs a prefiguring of the sacraments of the New Covenant.,

    et al.

  • Question 185 – Scott Hahn and the Holy Spirit issue

    Question 185 – Scott Hahn and the Holy Spirit issue

     

    Hi Robert,
     
    You may have already seen this on the blog Unam Sanctam Catholicam titled, Scott Hahn's "maternal" spirit compared to ancient heresies. (Sept 28, 2009)
     
    http://unamsanctamcatholicam.blogspot.com/2009/09/scott-hahns-maternal-spirit-compared-to.html
     
    Scott Hahn responded to the blogger here (Oct 1, 2009):
     
    http://unamsanctamcatholicam.blogspot.com/2009/10/scott-hahns-response.html
     
    Or go directly to the bloggers main page, these are the two most recent posts as of today.
     
    http://unamsanctamcatholicam.blogspot.com/
     
    Thought this may be of interest to you.
     
    Thanks for all the work that you do!
     
    God bless.
     
    Greg

    R. Sungenis: Greg, thank you for sending this. I think Hahn defended himself about as good as he could, but there still remains some problems, as you will see below. Perhaps it was all a big misunderstanding. Only Hahn knows for sure, because only he knows what he really believes about this issue. I had always found it difficult to gauge just how much Hahn was attributing by means of metaphors to the Holy Spirit as opposed to how much he was singling out the Holy Spirit as the only person of the Trinity to have these feminine characteristics. In fact, in reading his explanation, I’m still somewhat unclear as to the where he stands.

    I think it is easy to grant to Hahn that he is not saying the Holy Spirit is feminine in the sense of having a feminine gender. I think that goes without saying. But I think he is saying, of all the persons of the Trinity, the Holy Spirit is the one to whom we can attribute feminine characteristics. The problem lies, however, in just how Hahn attributes these feminine characteristics. Is Hahn saying that they are ontologically based in the substance of the Holy Spirit? If so, then it seems that feminine characteristics are part and parcel with the being of the Holy Spirit, even if one claims that the same Holy Spirit is not feminine in regards to gender.

    On the other hand, is Hahn merely saying that if we were to see feminine characteristics somewhere in the Trinity then the Holy Spirit would be the best candidate to exhibit them (even though the Father and the Son are sometimes seen in light of feminine characteristics as well)? Again, I’m not sure what he is saying at this point. In what way is the Holy Spirit, in Hahn’s view, distinct from the Father and the Son with regard to feminine characteristics?

    If Hahn’s whole thesis is merely saying that the Holy Spirit is preponderantly pictured as having what we normally understand as “feminine” or “motherly” actions toward human beings or toward the other two persons of the Trinity, perhaps there is not much cause for much alarm. But if in some way these feminine aspects of the Holy Spirit that Hahn wants to emphasize are ontologically based wherein the Holy Spirit is now distinguished from the Father and Son because of them, then I believe we have a serious problem, for we are out of the realm of mere metaphors and into the substance of the Godhead.

    Hahn’s quote of Cardinal Ratzinger, which states: "Because of the teaching about the Spirit, one can as it were practically have a presentiment of the primordial type of the feminine, in a mysterious, veiled manner, within God himself,” is troublesome for me. First, I don’t know precisely what the cardinal is trying to say, for the language is very obtuse, at least not without some more context to flesh it out.

    The use of “as it were” seems to make Ratzinger’s imagery merely a hypothetical suggestion rather than a confirmed teaching. Also, I have a hard time wrapping myself around the clause “a presentiment of the primordial type of the feminine.” A presentiment is a foreboding of something bad, so how that fits with promoting the idea of a “primordial type of the feminine” I don’t know. Perhaps the English translation is bad.

    Lastly, when we speak of “primordial” we are commonly talking about the beginning, and more specifically, the prototype to whatever is subsequent. But here again is where one might see a slippage into the ontological, since a “primordial” feminine would have to mean that it came before anything subsequent, existing as such for all eternity. Again, I see a confusion here between ontology and metaphors. All in all, the clause “a presentiment of the primordial type of the feminine…within God himself” is much too vague and ambiguous a sentence to use as support for Hahn’s theory. Hahn needs to first unwrap what Ratzinger is really saying before it can be commandeered as a support.

    As for the Catechism at para. 370, I don’t think this offers Hahn much help for the simple fact that it is not singling out the Holy Spirit but is speaking of the Godhead in toto.

    The quote from St. Aphrahat is certainly interesting, but not any real support, since Aphrahat is merely  expressing in poetical style his affection for the Holy Spirit as his “mother.” Obviously, Aphrahat is not saying the Holy Spirit IS a mother, so it must be metaphorical. If Hahn is going to use Aphrahat as a support for his thesis (whatever that thesis is), he would have to show Aphrahat having a fully thought-out theology of the Holy Spirit in which the “motherly” aspects he writes in devotion can be transferred into a theological understanding of the Holy Spirit as distinguished from the Father and Son. From what I know and have read of Aphrahat, there is no such thought-out theology. Logically, if there is no other statement from Aphrahat that speaks of the Holy Spirit in feminine or motherly characteristics, we may be doing him a disservice by appealing to him as a progenitor of Hahn’s thesis. This is especially true in light of the fact that the Eastern Fathers had a tendency to use rich and flowery language in their theological descriptions, much more than the Western Fathers did. (There is actually a specific word for this type of Eastern writing, but I can’t remember what it is).

    Hence, it is no surprise to me that all of the ancient witnesses that Hahn can garner to his aid (however minimal they may be), are all Easterners, and all use the same type of ornate imagery common among Easterners. As regards to doctrine, the Easterners wouldn’t be bothered by this ornate language, since, from what I can see, they confined these rich descriptions to their hymns and prayers, not their doctrinal stances. Granted, our motto is lex orendi, lex credendi, but still, prayers have much more of a poetical license than strict doctrinal formulations.  

    Kolbe’s use of the phrase “uncreated Immaculate Conception” and “quasi-incarnation of the Holy Spirit” in reference to the Blessed Virgin is also troublesome. First, Kolbe was sainted not for his theological knowledge but because of his impeccable life, so he really shouldn’t be esteemed as a “theologian of unimpeachable orthodoxy,” in the sense that whatever Kolbe said in the theological realm is “unimpeachable.”

    Second, the Church has never used such vague and ambiguous language of the Holy Spirit, not even close. What is a “quasi-incarnation”? Either one is incarnated or one is not. There is no in-between state. This kind of terminology only creates confusion; it doesn’t clear up anything. Likewise, “uncreated Immaculate Conception” is Kolbe’s invention, since it certainly wasn’t used by anyone in Catholic history. If we don’t draw these solid lines around how we describe the Holy Spirit, the whole enterprise becomes a shell game of word meanings and implications. This ought not to be. When we speak of the Holy Spirit we must be as precise as humanly possible. Metaphors about feminine and motherly characteristic may be good in prayers and homilies, but certainly not in doctrinal formulations.

    For the same reason, the quote from Edith Stein is also troubling. Here we have use of what seems to be an ontological categorization of the Holy Spirit (in distinction to the Father and Son) by her use of “prototype.” She says “Thus we can see the prototype of the feminine being in the Spirit of God.” Once again, if Edith Stein were a noted and decorated pneumatologist for the Catholic Church, we might take pause and give her words some weight, even if they seemed to run counter to traditional descriptions of the Holy Spirit. But Edith Stein, saint or not, was not recognized for her insights on pneumatology, but for her impeccable life in service to God. Thus, she is not an authority on this subject, and certainly not one to support a major thesis such as the one Hahn is promoting. Edith Stein simply had no thought-out theology of the Holy Spirit to even be considered a support for Hahn’s thesis. Proof-texting from Stein, or anyone else for that matter, is simply not enough.

    As for Scheeben, he is merely using an analogy when he says "As the mother is the bond of love between father and child, so in God the Holy Spirit is the bond of love between the Father and the Son." Whether Scheeben would want to be categorized as supporting Hahn’s thesis (and again, I’m not sure what that thesis really is), remains to be seen. Hahn is certainly not going to prove that Scheeben is on his side by extracting a mere analogy from his writings.

    I also have problem with the use of the quote: "As Eve can, in a figurative sense, be called simply the rib of Adam... St. Methodius goes so far as to assert that the Holy Spirit is the rib of the Word (costa Verbi)." Once again, we have another Easterner (Methodius) using ornate language. Westerners did not use this language, and even many Easterners were cautious about using it, especially those who were the articulators of Catholic doctrine on the Trinity (Athanasius). Moreover, Hahn gives us no context for Methodius’ assertion (e.g., was this a prayer or a doctrinal formulation?), nor does he explain what precisely Methodius means by such a strange mixed metaphor as “rib of the Word.” In a way, Methodius’ phrase is non-sensical, and it certainly has no support from any other patristic writer.  

    As for “R. Garrigou-Lagrange, OP; L. Bouyer; J. Kentenich; B. Ashley, OP; Cardinal Y. Congar (Tradition & Traditions, pp. 372-75); F.X. Durrwell; A. Feuillet; H.M. Manteau-Bonamy, OP” supporting “this notion,” I don’t know what “notion” Hahn is referring to. If these eminent theologians are supporting Hahn’s thesis, then he would do himself a service, and us as well, to show specifically what they are saying as support.  At this point, I don’t know anything in their writings that is supportive. I think it is safe to say that, if there was supporting argumentation that was clear and concise, Hahn would have excerpted quotes from their books just as he did with, say, Kolbe or Methodius. At this point in the controversy, Hahn cannot hold up mere source citations as support. He must dig deep into these theologians and draw out the specific evidence. This is his thesis. It behooves him to do the homework.

    As for Catherine LaCugna’s objections to accepting feminine traits attached to the Holy Spirit for fear of further subordination of women, Hahn needs to show that this lone opinion is the consensus among Catholic feminists. I haven’t done any research on this particular angle of the argument myself, but I can imagine that there are a significant portion of Catholic feminists who applaud the idea that the Holy Spirit is considered feminine, in distinction to the Father and Son. What more basis can one have for Catholic feminism than the fact that God, in some sense, is feminine? This would make Eve much more than a rib appendage from Adam, for she would be an appendage from the Holy Spirit which only used Adam as the vehicle!

    Again, thanks for bringing this to my attention.

    God be with you.

    R. Sungenis

  • Question 184 - Mark Shea and the Old Covenant

    Question 184 - Mark Shea and the Old Covenant

     

    Robert,

    Mark Shea is at it again. This time he is trying to defend his view of the Old Covenant in light of the recent change to the US adult catechism. He is also trying to bar you from taking any credit for the outcome. Do you have anything to say about it?

    John D.

     

    http://markshea.blogspot.com/2009/09/reader-writes_29.html

    A reader writes

    Thought you might be interested in this since it was a bone of contention for you at one point. The Vatican has instructed that the following passage in the CCC page 131 be changed:

    "Thus the covenant that God made with the Jewish people through Moses remains eternally valid for them."


    Shea: Yep (well, sort of, actually the change was to the American bishop's adult catechism, not the CCC). They changed the language to: “To the Jewish people, whom God first chose to hear his Word, ‘belong the sonship, the glory, the covenants, the giving of the law, the worship and the promises; to them belong the patriarchs, and of their race, according to the flesh, is the Christ.’ (Romans 9: 4-5; cf. CCC, no 839)


    My reader continues:

     

    I was referring to this post where you linked your Tale of Two Covenants series, and then you proffered the CCC passage in question as a succinct summary of a point in your position which had come under scrutiny. You then poked fun at Bob Sungenis for taking action to request that this passage be reexamined-a request that has apparently turned out to be a fruitful one. I appreciate you steering us away from some of his kookier ideas, but thought he deserved some credit on this one. What do you think?


    Shea: Bob's been taking credit for that revision, though as far as I know, nobody has ever really demonstrated that he is the one who caused it. He simply claims credit.

     

    R. Sungenis: Leave it to Mark Shea to twist the facts. I “simply claim credit” because I was the only Catholic apologist to actively and publically warn both the US bishops and the Vatican to the heretical sentence in the US catechism. Mr. Shea didn’t lift a finger to help, and neither did any other Catholic apologist, including Scott Hahn, Karl Keating, Steve Ray, Patrick Madrid, Tim Staples, Leon Suprenant, or any of the dozens that are traversing our landscape. Are any of them claiming to have written articles on their own blogs or magazines prior to the change in the catechism; did any of them write to Cardinal Levada at the Vatican or the USCCB? The answer is no. I was left all alone. But now that I have been proved right, the same apologists who were previously silent are all scurrying to find some excuse why they didn’t support me. The excuses range from Leon Suprenant’s ridiculous claim that “there were other reviewers of the catechism long before Bob Sungenis came along,” to Mr. Shea’s equally ludicrous excuse that we will see below. Fortunately, there are a good number of blog participants who are not so easily shoved aside. They recognize that it was through my hard work in making the matter a public and ecclesiastical issue that these reversals are coming about.  

    Shea: I could just as easily claim that, since I wrote the Tale of Two Covenants series, the American bishops must have read my pieces and decided to revise the Catechism. The causal connection is just as clear as it is for Sungenis' claim. However, I don't live in Bob's egocentric universe and so I don't claim credit.

    R. Sungenis: This is asinine. Mr. Shea couldn’t possibly take credit for the excision of the erroneous statement from the US catechism, first, because he made no direct appeal for such an excision, not one word. Additionally, his article make no claim to seeing an error in the US catechism. In fact, Mr. Shea previously used the statement on page 131 of the US catechism to bolster his present belief that the Mosaic covenant is still valid! When the US bishops voted to take out the sentence, Mr. Shea didn’t have anything to say, for his blog was silent about the issue for months on end. Only when he was prodded by some smart blogger did Mr. Shea venture an excuse as to what occurred. In fact, Mr. Shea wrote me an email just a few months ago accusing me of being a “supersessionist”! If he denies it, I’ll produce the email in my next QA.


    Shea: In fact, all the change does is eliminate the possibility of precisely the ambiguity I was concerned about: the notion that the Old Covenant is salvific. It does not, in the slightest, suggest that the Old Covenant is not still binding on unbaptized Jews.

    R. Sungenis: This statement just proves once again that Mr. Shea is an inept Catholic apologist. No matter how many times he is told about his illogic, he persists in it. Let’s reason this out once again, shall we?

    First, whether the Mosaic covenant is considered salvific or not is superfluous. The bottom line is: if the Mosaic covenant is no longer valid, then it is no longer valid for either salvation or condemnation. Covenants cannot be split into two. They are either wholly valid or wholly invalid. This is basic Theology 101, but Mr. Shea never had exposure to such course work, since he has never attended a theological institution.

    Second, neither we nor the Jews need the Old Covenant to condemn anyone in sin. The job of condemnation is now done by the New Covenant. In fact, the condemnation is even stricter in the New Covenant than it was in the Old, which is the whole basis for why Jesus says “you have heard it was said…but I say unto you” in the Sermon on the Mount. It is the very reason that Hebrews 10:26-31 says there will be “severer punishment” for those who fall away from the New Covenant than there was under the Old Covenant when one was stoned by two or three witnesses. Today, the witnesses are the Father, Son and Holy Spirit through the Church (Matthew 16:18-19). In other words, in the New Covenant we have provision for both salvation and condemnation. The Old Covenant does not serve in either capacity, for it has been revoked (cf., Hebrews 7:18; 8:1-13; 10:9; 2 Corinthians 3:6-14). The only thing the Mosaic covenant can provide is principles by which the New Covenant judgment is made. But it is the New Covenant only that provides the legal basis for the judgment.


    Shea: Weirdly, Bob goes on insisting that I believe in a "dual covenant theory" when, in fact, I continue to say what I've always said: that Jews are bound by the covenant with Moses until they are baptized, precisely because the point of the Mosaic covenant is to point them to Christ.

    R. Sungenis: As long as Mr. Shea says that the Old Covenant continues to condemn the Jews, then it must be a valid covenant, for it could not condemn, at least formally and legally, unless it was valid. Invalid covenants don’t condemn; only valid ones do. If the Old Covenant is valid, that means it stands alongside of the New Covenant as another valid covenant. Logically, if there are two covenants, then we have a “dual-covenant.” Hence, despite how Mr. Shea attempts to cover over his beliefs, he believes in the dual-covenant theory, albeit with an innovation not heard of until he introduced it in the third millennium.

    Once again, the problem with Mr. Shea’s theology is that he is under the mistaken belief that the Old Covenant condemns while the New Covenant saves. Wrong. The Old Covenant doesn’t do anything except provide principles for the New Covenant. It is the New Covenant alone that either saves or condemns, for both Jew and Gentile.

     

    Shea: Nothing I say contradicts the revised catechism, any more than it contradicts the previous text. The covenant with Moses cannot save and I have never said it could. Bob goes on maintaining that I believe it can. I don't know why.

    R. Sungenis: Either Mr. Shea is a liar or he is losing his wits. I have NEVER said that he believes the Old Covenant has the power to save. I have made it very clear in my critiques of his articles that he believes that the Mosaic covenant is valid to condemn the Jews, not save them. This was made clear in my essay on the subject that was published in Culture Wars. See my section on Shea’s views at:

    http://www.catholicintl.com/articles/The%20Old%20Covenant%20Revoked%20or%20Not%20Revoked%20for%20Culture%20Wars.pdf

    As a matter of fact, I challenged Mr. Shea to show us any Father, medieval, pope, council, saint or doctor who taught that the Old Covenant is still valid to condemn people, not save them. Of course, he never answered the challenge, but it is easy to see why – no one held to Mr. Shea’s novel position.


    Shea: My opinion is, of course, merely my opinion. It is acceptable within orthodox Catholi circles, but not the only acceptable opinion. Just to be clear lest anybody think I somehow demand everybody agree with me.

    R. Sungenis: Yes, his view is an “opinion,” but it is not an accepted opinion. I don’t know anyone in the Catholic scholarly world who holds to it. It is Mr. Shea’s own invention. If Mr. Shea wants to disprove my charge, then he should cite some authorities who agree with his view instead of merely saying that they do.

  • Question 183 - Michael Forrest talking to Mark Shea

    Question 183 - Michael Forrest talking to Mark Shea

     

    Dear Robert,

    Mark Shea posted some comments by Michael Forrest that I thought you might be interested to see. Do you care to comment? Forrest’s comments are below, and then Mark Shea adds something.

    John D.

    ________________________

     

    Shea: Helping Michael Forrest Finish His Act of Reparation

    He writes:

    Forrest: FYI, we just posted two final articles at the blog then we're closing it down (not adding anything new).

    R. Sungenis: Perhaps when Mr. Forrest read in my recent FAQ that support for me has increased over the last four years (not decreased as he was expecting), he decided that his efforts against me were having little effect. If you are not aware, Mr. Forrest and his cohorts engineered an Internet smear campaign against me for the last four years, which included telling people to boycott our apostolate and our products. They also told everyone to treat me as an excommunicant, based on their idiosyncratic interpretation of Matthew 18:15-18. Their goal was to get me out of the business of Catholic apologetics by hoping to ruin me financially. Fortunately, God had other plans. Apparently, He was setting up Forrest and his gang for a big fall, which only recently occurred, about which you will read below.

    Forrest: After Bishop Rhoades' letter was published at CUF and in Lay Witness, we wanted to put up a final piece making clear that he is not a dual covenant guy. And then we finished with a summary piece.

    R. Sungenis: Mr. Forrest still lives in the land of illusion. I have met few men in my life who can sound so convincing yet twist the truth so well to suit their own agenda. In the letter that Bishop Rhoades wrote on February 7, 2008 in answer to Forrest’s mailed-in questions, never once did Forrest ask the bishop the $64,000 question: “Bishop Rhoades, do you believe that the Jews still possess the Old Covenant, the Mosaic covenant, and that it is still valid for them?” Instead, Mr. Forrest lobbed theological softballs to Bishop Rhoades, questions that the bishop could easily get around without admitting his belief in dual covenant theology.

    Further, I posted in the same FAQ the fact that Bishop Rhoades’ vicar general, Fr. William King (the very person Rhoades commissioned to communicate with me and who said that he “speaks for the bishop” on these matters) wrote a confidential email on July 15, 2008 to all the priests and deacons of his diocese which admitted the fact that the Harrisburg chancery, under the direction of Bishop Rhoades, believes and teaches dual covenant theology. Since Mr. Forrest still has trouble either believing it or accepting that it really exists, let me reproduce that email right here:

    Email of July 2008

    So there you have it. Fr. King, who in his own words is “a representative of the Diocese of Harrisburg,” is secretly slandering Robert Sungenis to all the priests and deacons of Harrisburg, while stating that the traditional doctrine of “supercessionism [sic] of the Old Testament Covenant stands apart from and in discord with authentic Catholic teaching.” How much clearer could it be that everything I’ve been saying about the Harrisburg diocese is true? Obviously, these people cannot be trusted. In public, Bishop Rhoades gave one impression to Mr. Forrest but in secret he and his vicar general were doing precisely the opposite.

    Now, my guess is that Mr. Forrest will try to wiggle out of this problem by claiming that the email was written by the vicar general, not Bishop Rhoades. So let’s deal with that presumption. The first problem is that Fr. King told me in his July 2007 meeting that he “speaks for the bishop” on this matter. Second, we know that Bishop Rhoades would certainly not let Fr. King write an email from the chancery affirming dual covenant theology if Bishop Rhoades did not hold to the same theology. As soon as I received Fr. King’s above email from a friend in Harrisburg, I immediately wrote to both Bishop Rhoades and Fr. King, asking them to retract the slander; apologize to me and write another letter to the priests and deacons publicizing the apology; and relinquish their support of dual covenant theology. The only response I received was a letter from Fr. King saying that he wasn’t going to respond, making up some excuse that he feared I was going to sue him over the issue. Third, if Bishop Rhoades did allow Fr. King to write the above email supporting dual covenant theology but disagreed with Fr. King’s view, then the bishop would be guilty of allowing Fr. King to disseminate a heresy to all the priests and deacons of Harrisburg, not to mention the parishioners under their care.

    Hence, because of the July 2008 email from Fr. King we have all the evidence we need that the diocese of Harrisburg is teaching the heresy of dual covenant theology, that the Old Covenant is still valid for the Jews. There has been absolutely no statement from either Bishop Rhoades or Fr. King to the contrary, and Mr. Forrest has failed to follow up with another query to Bishop Rhoades in order to ask him the $64,000 question.  

    So why can’t Mr. Forrest see this? Because Mr. Forrest has shown himself to be a blind ideologue who will not allow the faintest impression to reach the public (after his four years of slander against me on his blog) that he has been wrong about the central issue of this controversy. For two solid years after my meeting with Fr. King, Mr. Forrest and his gang of theological thugs plastered my name all over the Internet claiming that Bishop Rhoades and the Harrisburg chancery were completely innocent of my charges. They then used this presumption to further denigrate me and claim that I was “continuing to defy the bishop,” which then led them, as I said earlier, to tell everyone to treat me as an excommunicant; to ignore me, and to boycott my books and other products. But I hope you can see clearly by the admission in Fr. King’s email why Mr. Forrest and his crew were always on the wrong track.

    Forrest can’t see any of this, even when it is made plain to him, because from the beginning he and his cohorts have had an overriding goal – to rid me from the landscape of Catholic apologetics. Beginning in 2005, Mr. Forrest was on the phone to dozens of prominent Catholics over the last four years convincing them that I was a menace to Catholic apologetics because of my outspokenness on Jewish matters. Of course, it was easy to make me a piñata, for I had already defied the Catholic consensus by being one of the only apologists to take on the Jewish issues when the infamous Reflections on Covenant and Missions document was published in 2002. Mr. Forrest’s co-author on the blog, David Palm, called me one day in 2005 and said he was going to start a public campaign against me because of my “writings on the Jews and geocentrism.” Imagine that. (Despite the fact that Mr. Forrest also supports geocentrism – and I know so because Mr. Forrest told me and Dale Vree at the New Oxford Review – that small fact doesn’t seem to bother Mr. Palm). As for the Jewish issues, take it for what it’s worth, but David Palm, a convert from Protestantism, graduated from Trinity Evangelical Seminary, one of the leading Protestant Zionist institutions in America.

    Despite the machinations of Forrest and company, God, slowly but surely, vindicated me in several ways.

    First, the article I wrote in 2002 which started the whole controversy and made my name mud in Catholic circles, i.e., my 50-page critique of the Reflections on Covenant and Missions document (a document which advocated dual covenant theology and further stated that the Jews do not need Christian salvation to get to heaven) was critiqued in 2009 by a USCCB committee and published worldwide. Although it took seven years for the USCCB to act, it confirmed my original critique of the Reflections document.

    Second, God vindicated me by having the same USCCB vote by an overwhelming majority to eliminate the very sentence on page 131 of its United States Catholic Catechism for Adults that for two whole years I had been saying was heretical (The sentence on page 131 reads: “Thus the covenant that God made with the Jewish people through Moses remains eternally valid for them”). I was the only Catholic in the world who pointed out this heretical statement. Recently, the Vatican issued a “Recognitio” to the USCCB’s decision to excise that heretical sentence, thus affirming from the Church’s highest authority that the Mosaic covenant is no longer valid for the Jews – the very doctrine I have been preaching for the last seven years.

    Third, God vindicated me when Fr. King’s July 2008 “confidential” email espousing dual covenant theology was exposed. This was the final proof that the Harrisburg diocese was playing a cat and mouse game with the public. When it came, Forrest’s party was over. With the admission from the Harrisburg diocese that it is promoting dual covenant theology, Mr. Forrest and his infamous bloggers have completely lost their credibility, and the letter that Bishop Rhoades wrote to Forrest which Forrest interpreted as Rhoades’ denial of dual covenant theology has been exposed as the deceptive farce I claimed it to be from the moment it was publicized in February 2008. But this is what the truth does. It turns a lie on its head, although sometimes we have to wait a long time before it does its work.  

    I should also mention that Mr. Forrest’s unwillingness to admit what Fr. King has finally revealed about the Harrisburg chancery’s push for dual covenant theology is the same reason that Leon Suprenant of CUF (the organization that Mr. Forrest mentions above, and which Mr. Forrest had strongly encouraged to attack me beginning in 2005) had the gall to deny my two years of work in exposing the heresy on page 131 in the United States Catholic Catechism for Adults. After I wrote about a half-dozen essays on our website and a major article in Culture Wars, I also wrote to the Vatican and told the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith of the US catechism’s heresy. The blogs show that most people in Catholic circles knew that I was engaged in this lone crusade. About a year after I wrote to the Vatican, and just six months after I published my findings in Culture Wars, the 246 bishops of the United States voted 231-14-1 in June 2008 to eliminate the erroneous sentence from the next edition of the catechism.

    So what did Leon Suprenant then claim? He claimed that I shouldn’t be given any credit for the change because “there were other reviewers of the catechism long before Bob Sungenis came along.” Now, don’t get me wrong. I’m not a credit seeker. But I will not stand by and allow the president of one of the finer Catholic institutions of America (CUF) use this incident to continue his campaign of personal defamation against me. Besides, anyone with half a brain would realize that, if there were, as Mr. Suprenant claims, “other reviewers,” then it is quite obvious that these reviewers didn’t catch the heretical sentence before the catechism was published! If they did catch it, then no one at the USCCB listened to them, since the USCCB went ahead and published the heretical sentence despite the alleged review!

    So why does Mr. Suprenant make such ludicrous claims? Because, as is the problem with Mr. Forrest, to admit that Robert Sungenis was right would bring their whole slanderous enterprise against me to a screeching halt.

    Forrest: I don't know how it's possible at this juncture, but I was kind of shocked that Bob is now back to openly trying to prove that only a few hundred thousand Jews died in the Holocaust and that they had it comin' because of their treachery. (He got that from the notorious Benjamin Freedman).

    R. Sungenis: First, I’m not trying “to prove” anything about the Holocaust. This is just another example of how Mr. Forrest twists my words for his own devious purposes. In my recent FAQ, I merely said that, like many other scholars who have recently begun to investigate this issue, it is becoming increasing difficult to believe that six million Jews were killed in Nazi internment camps. One example of this evidence is the fact that the worldwide Jewish population from 1940 to 1948 did not decrease by even a half million, much less six million. We can see the significance of this if we compare it to today. Today, some 60 years after World War II, there are only about 14 million Jews in the world. If today the Jewish population dropped by 6 million, this would leave 8 million and it would be rather noticeable, to say the least. Logically, the same would have been noticed in 1948. But the international population records show that the numbers of Jews after World War II were virtually the same as before World War II. Interestingly enough, Reader’s Digest was touting the six million figure in 1943 long before World War II was over in 1945. How could its writers know the final figure before the war was over, especially before the so-called “final solution” was even implemented? Like me, any intelligent person is going to ask questions when he sees this contradictory evidence, especially when the Jews use the figure of six million to push their political agenda, as even the Jewish author, Norman Finklestein has documented very well in his book, The Holocaust Industry.

    I also said that the documented records of the International Red Cross show that there were less than a few hundred thousand Jews who died in Nazi camps, and that most of those were from disease. In my FAQ, I offered to show the Red Cross records to anyone who would want to see them. But does Mr. Forrest ask to see them? No. He doesn’t want to see them. He’s never made any in depth investigation whether there were six million Jews killed, and he probably never will. He is simply a Jewish ideologue that has decided not to tolerate any opposition to his view of the matter. Instead of admitting his own negligence, he accuses me of trying “to prove” something that I only suggested ought to be investigated by an international commission so that we can finally get to the truth of the matter. Only people who are interested in truth will want an investigation, whereas those who are interested in preserving an image will object to it. This is precisely why in Germany today the Jews in power have orchestrated a fear campaign against anyone who publically questions the six million figure, and they send people to prison who have the courage to show the contrary evidence.

    As for Benjamin Freedman, please note well that Mr. Forrest calls him “notorious.” Interesting, isn’t it? Here we have a card-carrying member of the Jewish race, a former Zionist himself, who suddenly found out the truth of what the Jews did prior to World War II, but Mr. Forrest refuses to listen to Freedman for even a moment, and essentially decides to call this fine Jewish man a liar. But the only one notorious here is Mr. Forrest. You can’t reason with a person like Forrest. He has already made up his mind that the Jews did not, and do not, engage in any significant malfeasance. Any evidence you present to him to the contrary (as I did recently with Bishop Rhoades’ and Fr. King’s promotion of dual covenant theology) he will just twist and distort to make it look like he is right and you are wrong. Mr. Forrest really isn’t interested in the truth. He is only interested in protecting his agenda, and we can all see very clearly what that agenda is.

    Another indication of Mr. Forrest’s agenda is his blog’s total silence regarding any critical remarks of Jewish converts Roy Schoeman and David Moss. As I pointed out in a recent essay in Culture Wars, Dr. Ray Kavane (who was a consultant to Moss and Schoeman’s Association of Hebrew Catholics, and whose brother, Fr. Eugene Kavane, was the founder of AHC) and I have made it clear for anyone who wants to read it that Mr. Schoeman and Mr. Moss’ teaching on various Catholic and Jewish matters is heretical. Dr. Kavane is a graduate of the Lateran University in Rome, so he knows his theology. I have outlined Schoeman and Moss’ erroneous teachings time and time again, in stark detail, quoting their own words. But does Mr. Forrest or his blog cohorts say one word in concession, or do they communicate to Messers Schoeman and Moss to stop their heretical and racist teachings? No, they have never admitted that Schoeman and Moss are teaching erroneous doctrines, much less confront them. Why? Figure it out for yourself. Mr. Forrest is in this campaign to protect his Jewish ideology. If it means keeping silent about Schoeman and Moss’ heresies; if it means keeping silent about the heresy of dual covenant theology taught by the Harrisburg diocese and Bishop Rhoades’ complicity in it; if it means denying me any credit for the change in the USCCB catechism; or if it means distorting my words about the Holocaust, then Mr. Forrest will do it, because the goal here, as it has been for the last four years, is to destroy me and anyone else who criticizes or questions Jewish interests.

    Forrest: For me, I've looked at it this way - I helped him by writing pro-life articles and unintentionally enabling him for about 3 years. I kind of made a promise to the Lord that I would help neutralize the damage he does for the same amount of time, as reparation. Well, this September, it makes three years since "Sungenis and the Jews" first came out. God willing, I'm done.

    R. Sungenis: First of all, Mr. Forrest needs to redo his math. He started his public internet campaign against me in 2005, which makes it four years, not three. Regardless, his words here are another example of how he twists the truth. Right before he left our apostolate in early 2005 Mr. Forrest and I were working on a critical essay regarding the papacy of John Paul II. In other words, it wasn’t just “pro-life” articles that Forrest was writing for us. He was an integral part of all that we did at CAI. He was the vice-president of CAI, for goodness sake! In fact, before the Jewish issues came up that separated us, Mr. Forrest and I marveled about how well we got along and how we agreed with each other on so many things. Mr. Forrest would call me up weekly, sometimes daily, to talk for hours about theology and other things. My wife and I had a running joke that whenever Mr. Forrest called she wouldn’t see me for at least an hour. Mr. Forrest was also going to be the Godfather of my son who was born in 2005. Our families were planning a camping trip that same year. So yes, despite Mr. Forrest’s attempts to minimize his role at CAI, we were very close and it is not an exaggeration to say that Mr. Forrest was the right hand man of our apostolate. In fact, he asked me to have the authority to edit any article before it was published by CAI, and I gave him that power. So all his talk about just “writing pro-life articles” and merely “enabling him for 3 years” is just another example of Mr. Forrest’s constant penchant to twist the facts to his advantage.   

    Mark Shea: Sounds fair. Probably time to move on. I don't see Sungenis' nuttiness gain much purchase at this point. God willing, his Bp. will finally shut him down.

    R. Sungenis: Unfortunately, Mr. Forrest and Mr. Shea can’t see their own hypocrisy. As noted above, in his attempted defense of Bishop Rhoades, Mr. Forrest condemns “dual covenant” theology. But Mark Shea, by his own admission, advocates dual covenant theology (although he insists that the Old Covenant remains in force only, as he puts it, “to condemn”). In fact, Mr. Shea wrote me an email a few months ago and chastised me for being a “supersessionist,” the very doctrine that Mr. Forrest says he believes and promotes. Obviously, when it comes to attacking Robert Sungenis, such glaring differences are brushed over. I don’t think I need to say anymore.

    September 28, 2009

  • Question 182 – Concerning the Papacy

    Question 182 – Concerning the Papacy

     

    Dear Mr. Sungenis,

     

    I am not a scholar or anything and my arguments are not the best Orthodoxy can produce. But I will just tell you two of my own personal arguments on why the Vatican I notion of the papacy is simply not true.

     

    First, the idea of papal jurisdiction over the entire Church, East and West, is a myth. The East never believed or accepted such an idea. If it were true, we would see it accepted everywhere. One good example is the Saint Cyprian vs Saint Stephen dispute over baptism. While the pope expressed his opinion, it is a fact of history that the East never followed him. Saint Cyprian's position continued to be held by the East and was even ratified in the Council of Trullo. The canons of Saint Basil also agree with and support Saint Cyprian's position. This is not something we would expect to see if the pope had jurisdiction over the east and the final word on the subject.

     

    RS: I'm afraid you are badly misinformed. Although there have always been skirmishes between the East and West, there is documented proof in Mansi and many other Catholic scholars that the East bowed to the pope's commands as common practice. I had to study this issue when I was preparing for a debate on the papacy. There was absolutely no question that, prior to 1054, the East was in almost total subservience to the pope of Rome.

     

    "the reformed papacy of the 11th century used a long-standing Western tradition of exegesis when it applied systematically and legalistically the passages on the role of Peter (especially Mt.16:18, Lk. 22:32, and Jn. 21:15-17) to the bishop of Rome. This tradition was not shared by the East, yet it was not totally ignored by the Byzantines, some of whom used it occasionally, especially in documents addressed to Rome and intended to win the popes' sympathy. But it was never given an ultimate theological significance". [Meyendorff, Byzantine Theology, p.97].

     

    RS: I'm sorry, but Meyendorff has shown himself to be a biased scholar on many occasions.

     

    Second, the Filioque heresy. The Council of 879-880 confirmed the original text of the Nicene Creed and formally anathematized anyone who would  either "compose another confession of faith" or corrupt the creed with "illigitimate words, or additions, or subtractions." [Mansi XVII, 520 E.]. Rome changed the Creed. And the eighth procedding of the Seventh Ecumenical Council condemns anyone who changes any ecclesiastical tradition, written or unwritten. Rome has changed multiple traditions and violated many canons. I have many more arguments and I hope to make a Youtube video on this in the near future.

     

    RS: Filioque is a matter of esoteric trinitarian doctrine. There is much more to the split of East and West than the Filioque. It was political at its roots, and Filioque became a good excuse. The point in fact remains that unless you can prove that the East did not bow to the pope's doctrine and direction prior to 1054, then there is no authoritative basis for the East to decide for their version of the Filioque, since the pope doesn't suddenly lose his divine authority to determine doctrine a mere 1000 years after Christ ascended into heaven. Your challenge is to prove that the pope had no authority over the East from the first century to the 11th century. If you can't, then you are obliged to accept the pope at all times, including his version of the Filioque.

     

     A person with an Orthodox conscience cannot remain in communion with bishops who preach heresy; and that is not a subjective opinion, but the universal dictum of the Fathers.

    RS: That's right, but the question is: who is holding the heresy? Unless you can answer the above question satisfactorily, it is you who holds the heresy.

     

     I have noticed that it is usually the most pious protestants and Catholics who become Orthodox.

     

    Euthymios

     

    RS: I'm sure you have "pious" people in your ranks, just as we do, but that is not a criterion to decide what religion is true and which is heretical.

  • Question 181 - Headcoverings and Evolution

    Question 181 - Headcoverings and Evolution

     

    Hello Dr. Sungenis,

    Greetings in our Lord, Jesus Christ.

    I am not sure if you remember me, but my name Ed Schneider and we spoke last December.   I was born a Roman Catholic, became a staunch Calvinist for 15 years, and now my family and I came back to the Catholic Church last Easter.  I am technically in the Roman Rite, but my wife and children are in the Byzantine Rite and we attend a Byzantine Catholic Church. Could you please help me with these two questions?

    1. Do the eastern Catholic Churches still require headcoverings for women?  You mentioned this on page 10 of your recent letter "Letter to the Vatican on Women's Head Coverings", dated July 11, 2009.  I looked through the "1990 Oriental Code of Canon Law", but I cannot find it.  My wife and daughters wear head coverings in the Church and they stick out like sore thumbs and an unorthodox Byzantine Catholic Priest said headcoverings were no longer required.  Please help me out here by providing the Cannon Code?

    R. Sungenis: Ed, I don't know whether eastern Catholic Church "require" headcoverings, but it is a fact that most women in such churches wear headcoverings. I also know that the 1983 Code of Canon Law does not disallow head coverings, and, in fact, the Congregation for Divine Worship still considers it a noble practice by women. I do not know what the 1990 Oriential Code says, however. I am still waiting for a reply from Fr. Ward of the CDW at the Vatican. As soon as I receive a reply, I will post it on our website. 

     

    2. Does the Catholic Church officially believe in Evolution?  My Protestant friends have been sending me "official" quotes from Pope John Paul II, Paul VI, and Pope Pius the XII stating that the Catholic Church now officially believes in macro Evolution.   Such as, that monkeys evolved into humans, then God took just two monkeys (Adam and Eve) and gave them a soul.  Is this true?  I always thought the Catholic Church officially gave people the liberty to believe in a literal six day, 24-hour, creation or a day-age (Old Earth) as some make out St. Augustine to promote.  I'm very confused and stumbled on this issue because it seems like the "official" writings of the new Popes seem to contradict "official" writings of previous Popes.  Please help me out here.


    R. Sungenis: Ed, there is no "official" statement from any pope of the Catholic Church which says that the Catholic Church believes in Evolution, or one that says it has rejected Six-day creationism. In order to be an "official" teaching, the pope would have to state specifically in an encyclical or some other venue with similar authority, that the Catholic Church believes and promotes Evolution and has abandoned creationism. Moreover, statements by a pope which may seem to casually lean toward or favor evolution in one form or another (e.g., Pius XII's statement in Humani Generis or John Paul II's statement to the PAS in 1996 saying that "evolution was more than a hypothesis") are not "official" teachings of the Catholic Church. They are merely personal opinions of the pope that are often confused as official teachings. In order to be an official teaching the pope must make it clear that he is binding the Catholic faithful to accept the teaching, to which they must now give either their full allegiance or their intellectual assent, depending on the authoritative venue that the pope chose to disseminate the binding teaching. Just for the record Pius XII's reference to the Big Bang theory means nothing, at least as far as being some "official" teaching. What IS official in Pius XII's Humani Generis are the following warnings about Evolution:

     

    "Scientists of repute have pointed out that...we know of no natural process by which one being can beget another of a different kind. The process by which one being can beget another is altogether unintelligible, no matter how many intermediate stages are supposed. No experimental method for producing one species from another has been found...There is nothing definitive about present day theory. Some, however, rashly transgress this liberty of discussion, when they act as if the origin of the human body from pre-existing and living matter were already completely certain and proved by the facts, and as if there were nothing in the sources of divine revelation which demands the greatest moderation and caution in this question."

     

    As for John Paul II's unofficial statement in 1996 that "evolution is more than a hypothesis," although the pope should have been more discrete, the fact is, a hypothesis is on the lowest rung of authority, for it means that, to explain the evidence, someone hypothesizes an answer, but the answer has no evidence to support it. The next stage of certainty is a "theory," which is a little more than a hypothesis since it tries to propose an answer by claiming that it has at least some evidence to support its contention. So, in that sense, yes, the pope could legitimately say that "evolution is more than a hypothesis" because that brings it up to the level of a "theory," or what we commonly understand today as "the theory of evolution," not "the hypothesis of evolution." But in allowing it to be a theory, the pope did nothing to promote evolution as a fact or something that the Catholic Church now "officially" accepts. It is still a theory, and Pope John Paul II confirmed this in 1996.  

     

  • Question 180 - St. Thomas and the Body

    Question 180 - St. Thomas and the Body

     

    JMJ

    Dear Dr.
    Sungenis,

    I read an article of yours a few months back that spoke of
    St. Thomas' lack of appreciation for the marital act, or something to that effect.  I recall reading what you wrote with astonishment because I thought immediately of passages of St. Thomas where he teaches ex professo the contrary of what you said he thought or taught.  I wish I had your piece in hand to which I could respond, but I could no longer find it on your site.  So, necessarily will my thoughts be aimed, hit or miss, at a vague idea of what you said in a short piece on Thomistic thought about the marital act, viz., that it is not much more than a biological act.  My understanding is much different, at least from what I have read of St. Thomas' writings.  Now, what emanated from 18th - 20th century manuals is another story ...

    Philosophy is my specialty, or should I say, the area of science to which I devote the most of my time and intellectual efforts.  I graduated from
    Furman University with a B.A. in Greek (Language) and in Philosophy.  I am currently working on a M.A. in Philosophy from Holy Apostles while completing my theological studies at Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary in Denton, NE.  Here in our library we have a book:  The Human Body in the Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas - An Abstract of a Dissertation. By Sister M. Evangeline Anderson, O.S.B.  The Catholic University of America Press, 1953.  This I read and found convincing.  It's thesis encompasses the Thomistic understanding of bodily acts as acts "animated" or directed by a rational, immortal soul - which gives all human actions, vegetative, sensitive and specifically rational, a character different than those of plants, animals or angels whose "animae" direct their actions, respectively.  Here are some quotes -

    Belonging to the animal kingdom, man has certain things in common with the living and sensing creatures in the same genus.  These similarities with the brute animals are due to the body; dissimilarities are explained in terms of their different kinds of forms.  In common with all members of the plant world, man has vegetative powers and in common with all of the animals he has sense faculties of cognition and appetition.  In contradistinction to both, every actualization of these powers in man is a human activity (emphasis in original), not merely a vegetative or sensitive function, since the powers that make such action possible are rooted in the one human soul, which is rational.

    ...

    Man is very similar to irrational animals as to the origin of his bodily nature.  Human generation by coition is an animal function, but again with a difference.  It is also the imitation of the efficiency of the Creator, Who alone can give existence.  Human parents provide the material element for a potential new member of the human family, and bring about the condition for the infusion of the human form, the soul, which they have not the power to give.  They are the determining cause, not the efficient cause of the soul.  Animal generation provides the matter from which the soul is educed; human generation is something far superior.  Man is not a function of sex, but sex is one of the many noble functions which belong to him.

    The ways in which the soul expresses itself vary, as does the perfection of its expression of any particular instance.  But it is always a communication through the body.  One act is a union not only of the soul with another, but a union of the whole person, body and soul, in complete surrender to another human being.  The marriage act, because it is such a total surrender that it may be spoken of as a union of two in one flesh, must be surrounded with and protected by the greatest reverence.  It must be exercised only within the protective shield of marriage, where alone the action designed for the generation of new life has a noble purpose, the expression of love in its highest degree with the intention that such love may become incarnate.  Marriage alone gives man and woman the right to exercise this power, and there can be no union, no real giving if the right (italics in original) to give is lacking.  In marriage the sacred function of the body is to serve love; the very sacredness of this bodily function must be safeguarded by steeping the exercise of the sexual act in faith and love.

    ...

    (Speaking of the Limitations and Possible Dangers of the Body) Because the powers of the soul are all rooted in the one substantial form, and because the soul itself is finite, any excessive operation of certain of the soul's powers will begin to limit the activity on some other level.  The result of inordinate indulgence of passion beyond reason's limit is, therefore, obvious.  In the pleasures of sex the reason is most inoperative because of the intensity of the bodily reaction which accompanies sexual intercourse.  The very fact that an operation on the lowest level of man's activity can capture all of the soul's power momentarily should compel all reasonable men to surround such action with the greatest care and reverence.

    The conclusion of the dissertation speaks also of the time in which
    St. Thomas lived and the major doctrinal battle of his age, namely, the Albigensian heresy.  This commentator notes how vigorously St. Thomas battles the heresy that would have called the material world in general, and the human body in particular, some sort of evil, since the metaphysics he espoused stressed the intrinsic goodness of being qua being.

    These excerpts should suffice to show you of how much worth such a book is.  This sister also quotes copiously from Dr. von Hildebrand's In Defense of Purity to show the continuity of thought between the two great philosopher-theologians.

    Allow me to make one suggestion: if you are basing quotes of St. Thomas' work on an English translation, please refer to the Latin original, and if you have doubts of the meaning of a term in St. Thomas' moral theology (especially in commentaries on Aristotle or other works outside the Summa Theologiae) consult not only Deferrari's Dictionary, but also one with classical meanings (Lewis and Short or Oxford) - St. Thomas knew Cicero and Quintilian very well and their usage did influence his.  I make this suggestion because I can tell how much you value this approach in Biblical Studies of both the Old and New Testament.

    If you have passages from the Opera Omnia that you could offer as basis for your concerns of St. Thomas' teaching on the human body and its acts, I would be more than happy to receive a list of those that I might further my own knowledge of the issue.  I am not trying to pick a fight in the least, but I would like to gain some clarity about your positions in this regard and I have found that the best way to learn more about these issues myself is to "debate" them with others who are both learned and interested in discovering the truth of the matter.

    As usual, I pray that you will be able to visit our seminary soon to give another talk about some issue - through which we could find a springboard to talking about Geocentrism and its relevance for seminarians and priests.

    Ad Jesum per Mariam,

    Jonathan Arrington

    PS  Our sincerest thanks from the Library staff for the donation of your books.  We still lack the volumes on Galileo Was Wrong, but I think that I will donate my set in order that those interested may consult the work this year!  Your commentary on St. Matthew was most helpful in my class last year on the Synoptic Gospels.  God bless you!

     

    R. Sungenis: Jonathan, thank you for taking the time to give me your thoughts on this issue. My contention about Thomistic metaphysics is that it lacks a proper understanding of human emotion, and emotion in general, viewing it more as a psychological or physiological appendage that inhibits and damages man more than it helps him comprehend and facilitate the world around him, including his relationship with God.

    I would say that the passages you quote from Thomas above only confirm my conviction that Thomas did not know what to do with human emotion. The word emotion is not used in the above passages, and I can see why – Thomas did not combine marital coitus with human emotion.

    Granted, Thomas sees coitus as more than a biological act, since he distinguishes animal coitus from human coitus. Unlike animal coitus, human coitus has a unique purpose – to generate the human species who are made in the image of God and with whom God wants an eternal relationship.

    But there is a better reason for what Thomas sees as the “intensity of the bodily reaction that accompanies sexual intercourse.” It is not, first of all, “an operation on the lowest level of man's activity” (a mere biological function) but one of the highest levels. Moreover, it is not something to be merely feared for its power to grasp the soul, but treasured, since it is something that enhances, exhilarates and expresses the emotional bond between husband and wife, and which brings the souls of each person together as little else on this earth can.

    Whereas Thomas treats the sex act as only a “noble function,” the truth is, it is not only a noble function but a one-of-a-kind and exclusive emotional exchange between the noble partners that bonds them closer together with each encounter, and makes them marvel that much more about the Creator who created this special act. The combination of the noble purpose and the intense emotional experience is unique in God’s creation. Animals have neither; humans have both. The noble purpose together with the emotional experience between the marital partners that makes human coitus far different than animal coitus. Both are needed, or what the Church sees as the “procreative” and the “unitive” dimensions, respectively, of human sexual intercourse.

    One of the analogies I used in my last explanation of this issue in order to see the lack of understanding of emotion and aesthetics in Thomistic metaphysics was the incident in which a man is taking a woman out on a date. Knowing women as we do, our common sense tells us that the woman would be very fond of a bouquet of roses. She would see them as beautiful, and as an expression of the man’s heart and good will, and she would immediately feel an emotional bond with him for thinking that she deserved such a beautiful creation of nature. But if Thomas were to give advice on what to give the woman, he might suggest giving her a frog instead of a bouquet of roses. After all, frogs are much more functional, intellectually stimulating and have a greater noble purpose than a rose. If emotions are mere physiological appendages, then Thomas would refrain from giving anything that brought out those troublesome emotions. He would want to elicit more of an intellectual reaction from the woman. Alas, I don’t think a date with a croaking frog sitting on the dining room table would go over very well.

  • Question 179 – Who is the tree and who are the branches of Romans 11, Part 3

    Question 179 – Who is the tree and who are the branches of Romans 11, Part 3

     

    From Jim Galen:

     

    "Question 171 - What does "the well cultivated olive tree" refer to? Part 2"

    Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger (Benedict XVI),

    Many Religions- One Covenant, page 32:“we must first ask what this view of the historical figure of Jesus means for the existence of those who know themselves to be grafted through him onto the 'olive tree Israel', the children of Abraham.”

     

    R. Sungenis: Notice the grammar. Ratzinger is saying that the “children of Abraham” are those who “know themselves to be grafted…onto the olive tree,” not that they ARE the olive tree. How can one be “grafted” into a tree and yet be the tree at the same time? Hence, the “olive tree Israel,” can only mean Abraham and those who had his faith, not the Jews at large who rejected both God and Abraham. If, rather, one insists that “olive tree Israel” means that the olive tree refers to all of Israel, St. Paul says no. He, inspired by the Holy Spirit who cannot lie, said that the Jews in his day, and ours, are the “BRANCHES” that were broken off, not the TREE.  

     

    St. Augustine: "the Gentiles, a wild olive tree, were grafted into the good olive, that is, the holy stock of the Hebrews, that they might partake of the fatness of the olive."  Augustine to Faustus the Manichean, Bk 9 2

      

    R. Sungenis: Notice that Augustine says “the HOLY STOCK of the Hebrews,” not the Hebrews in general. The “holy stock” of the Hebrews are Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, and those who followed in the faith of Abraham, not the Jews at large. Most of the Jews were not holy. They were sinners and apostates who rejected the God of Abraham and the God whom he looked forward to, Jesus Christ (John 8:56).

     

     

    St. Chrysostom: So calling in this passage by the names of the first-fruit and root Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, the prophets, the patriarchs, all who were of note in the Old Testament;and the branches, those from them who believed.  (Homilies on Romans, Homily XIX) 

     

    R. Sungenis: Chrysostom got it right, as he usually did when dealing with the Jews. He says that the root is Abraham and the Jews at large are the branches. They can be grafted back into the tree if they believe in the God of Abraham, Jesus Christ.

     

    Catholic Commentary on Holy Scripture 1951, Dom Bernard Orchard, page 1072 and 558: “(St. Paul) is no renegade, and Israel…has not lost the holiness which she inherited from the Patriarchs, who are…her roots.”  “’In the days to come, Israel shall take root…’ The world’s salvation is from Israel.” 

     

    R. Sungenis: Here’s a clearer quote from Orchard on Romans 11:16:

     

    “In this metaphor the cake stands for the Patriarchs, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, the twelve sons of Jacob: these are the ‘firstfruit’ which was consecrated to God, and their dedication has the effect of making the whole ‘lump,’ that is, the whole nation to which they belong, ‘holy,’ in the sense indicated above….The following scheme will give the key to the interpretation of the passage:

    *The ‘good,’ that is cultivated, olive tree = the One Church of God, continuously existing through the centuries.

    The root = the Jewish Patriarchs….

    The branches broken off = those Jews who have apostasized from the Ecclesia.”

     

    (Commentary on Holy Scripture, p. 470, The Epistle to the Romans, 1928 edition).

     

    As such, Orchard maintains with the others that Abraham is the root and that the Jews following were branches. That means that Israel, at large, is not the root. Only the faithful Jews, such as Abraham, were the root, for they accepted Christ as God. The Jews at large today are still broken off branches, and not part of the tree.

     

    As for Orchard’s comment that “In the days to come, Israel shall take root…’ The world’s salvation is from Israel,” that occurred at Pentecost when 3000 Jews were saved and began the New Covenant, and those same Jews went out and preached Christ to the world, thereby bringing salvation from Israel (cf. Acts 1:8; 15:16-18). However, salvation does not come from today’s Jews. It comes from the Church which the Jews established in the New Covenant.